Psychology Reader

How Computational Modeling Can Force Theory Building

Olivia Guest and Andrea E. Martin · 2021 · Perspectives on Psychological Science

Role
Methodological contribution · Foundational argument
Difficulty
Challenging
Full work length
14 pages
Type
Journal article

Access

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Reading focus

Syllabus: How Do We Build and Test Psychological Theories?

Ask which commitments become visible at each stage of the proposed pathway.

Why you’re reading it. Prepare to read a formal psychological model as an argument with explicit choices.

A question to consider. How could a model’s implementation reveal an ambiguity that its verbal description concealed?

Why this reading

Guest and Martin show how specifying and implementing a model can expose assumptions that remain hidden in an intuitive explanation. Their account separates a theory from the choices needed to turn it into predictions.

Before you read

A specification states rules precisely; an implementation realizes those rules in code. A model of a proposed psychological process differs from a statistical model used to summarize observations.

Read for

  1. Follow what changes as the simple worked example moves from an idea to a specification and implementation.
  2. Use the proposed research pathway to locate assumptions and points at which a disappointing result might require revision.

Consider afterwards

  1. If two programs produce different predictions from the same verbal theory, what would you inspect before declaring the theory inconsistent?

Editorial context

The article argues for a central role for computational modeling; it does not demonstrate that coding alone guarantees a sound explanation. The authors discuss questionable practices in modeling itself, including selective reporting of implementations. Their proposal invites scrutiny of both models and the research process.